{"id":57,"date":"2026-03-06T11:19:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-06T03:19:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/111.229.143.96\/?p=57"},"modified":"2026-03-13T11:05:02","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T03:05:02","slug":"%e6%b0%b4%e5%87%9d%e8%83%b6%e6%a0%b7%e5%93%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/06\/%e6%b0%b4%e5%87%9d%e8%83%b6%e6%a0%b7%e5%93%81\/","title":{"rendered":"SEM\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6848\u4f8b-\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u6837\u54c1"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/path><\/svg><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u6015\u6536\u7f29\uff1f\u6015\u5b54\u6d1e\u62cd\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\uff1f\u4ea4\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u5236\u6837+\u4f4e\u635f\u4f24\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u5305\u60a8\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b8c\u5b8c\u6574\u6574\u7684\u5b54\u6d1e\u7ed3\u6784\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

Tips<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u7684SEM\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u6700\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u5236\u5907\u4e4b\u4e00<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u6c34\u5206\u7684\u67d4\u8f6f\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u800cSEM\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u771f\u7a7a\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u5b83\u539f\u672c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9488\u5bf9\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u5176\u4e09\u7ef4\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5e72\u71e5\u5e76\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u5448\u73b0\u5728\u7535\u955c\u4e0b<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

💧 脱水与干燥：保留真实形貌非常重要<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u4e2d90%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u6c34\uff0c\u5f53\u6c34\u5206\u5728\u771f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6325\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4f1a\u77ac\u95f4\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e09\u7ef4\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u574d\u584c\u3001\u6536\u7f29\u6216\u9f9f\u88c2<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u524d\u7684\u8131\u6c34\u4e0e\u5e72\u71e5\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \n临界点干燥法（首选）<\/strong>：
      \n
    • \n原理<\/strong>：利用二氧化碳在临界点（约31°C，1072 psi）时表面张力为零的特性，使样品在不经受液相表面张力的情况下完成干燥。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \n操作<\/strong>：通常需要先用梯度浓度的乙醇或叔丁醇对水凝胶进行置换脱水<\/strong>（例如30%→50%→70%→90%→100%乙醇），然后再放入临界点干燥仪中。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \n注意<\/strong>：这是目前保留三维多孔结构最接近原始状态的方法。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \n冷冻干燥法（冻干）<\/strong>：
        \n
      • \n原理<\/strong>：将含水凝胶迅速冷冻，使水变成固态的冰，然后在真空下通过升华去除水分。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \n注意<\/strong>：如果冷冻速度不够快，冰晶会长得很大，刺破或撑破<\/strong>凝胶的网络结构。因此建议使用液氮泥或者高压冷冻仪进行快速冷冻，减少冰晶损伤。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \n叔丁醇干燥法<\/strong>：
          \n
        • \n原理<\/strong>：叔丁醇的凝固点较高（25°C左右），表面张力低。将脱水后的样品浸入叔丁醇，凝固后直接升华。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \n适用<\/strong>：这是相对简便且对结构破坏较小的方法，如果实验室没有临界点干燥仪，可以优先考虑此法。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \n自然干燥或烘箱干燥<\/strong>：
            \n
          • 表面张力会导致水凝胶网络剧烈收缩，通常得到的会是致密的膜状物，而非多孔结构，SEM图像参考价值较低。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n
            🔗 固定与导电：应对柔软易收缩的样品<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

            \u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u8d28\u5730\u67d4\u8f6f\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u8f70\u51fb\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u6f02\u79fb\uff0c\u4e14\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u5bfc\u7535\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

              \n
            • \n化学固定（可选）<\/strong>：
                \n
              • 对于生物类水凝胶（如蛋白、多糖水凝胶），在脱水前可以用戊二醛<\/strong>等固定剂进行交联固定，增强其结构稳定性，抵抗后续脱水带来的破坏。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \n导电处理<\/strong>：
                  \n
                • \n喷金\/喷铂<\/strong>：和纳米花一样，需要镀膜。但注意<\/strong>：喷镀时间不宜过长，电流不宜过大。因为水凝胶表面可能很脆弱，长时间溅射会因局部高温导致样品龟裂或变形。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \n导电胶固定<\/strong>：确保水凝胶与样品台接触良好。由于水凝胶干燥后可能变脆或翘起，导电胶需要粘住样品边缘并连接到台子上。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
                  🔬 观察模式：低电压与低剂量<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                  \u5373\u4f7f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u5e72\u71e5\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u6709\u673a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u654f\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • \n低电压<\/strong>：使用极低加速电压进行观察。这能有效减少电子束对聚合物骨架的辐照损伤（刻蚀效应），防止样品在观察过程中融化或变形。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \n小束流<\/strong>：降低探针电流，同样是为了减少能量输入。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \n快速成像<\/strong>：在找到合适区域后，建议快速对焦、快速拍照<\/strong>。尽量避免在高倍率下长时间反复扫描同一区域，否则那一块可能会烧黑或收缩。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    \u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u6015\u6536\u7f29\uff1f\u6015\u5b54\u6d1e\u62cd\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\uff1f\u4ea4\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u5236\u6837+\u4f4e\u635f\u4f24\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u5305\u60a8\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b8c\u5b8c\u6574\u6574\u7684\u5b54\u6d1e\u7ed3\u6784\u8bc1\u636e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":246,"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57\/revisions\/246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}