{"id":71,"date":"2026-03-06T11:31:18","date_gmt":"2026-03-06T03:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/111.229.143.96\/?p=71"},"modified":"2026-03-13T11:22:51","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T03:22:51","slug":"%e6%94%af%e6%9e%b6%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e6%a0%b7%e5%93%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/06\/%e6%94%af%e6%9e%b6%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e6%a0%b7%e5%93%81\/","title":{"rendered":"SEM\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6848\u4f8b-\u652f\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784\u6837\u54c1"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/path><\/svg><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4f4e\u500d\u4e0b\u7eb5\u89c8\u652f\u67b6\u5b8f\u89c2\u9aa8\u67b6\uff0c\u9ad8\u500d\u4e0b\u7cbe\u6790\u8868\u9762\u7eb3\u7c73\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u4ece\u9519\u7efc\u5206\u5e03\u5230\u5fae\u5c0f\u9897\u7c92\uff0c\u4e00\u955c\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u5168\u666f\u5448\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

Tips<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u652f\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784\u6837\u54c1\u7684SEM\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5e94\u5bf9\u5176\u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5b54\u6d1e\u4ee5\u53ca\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0e\u81f4\u5bc6\u7684\u9676\u74f7\u6216\u7ec6\u5c0f\u7684\u7c89\u672b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u652f\u67b6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u8fde\u901a\u6027<\/strong>\u548c\u5b54\u6d1e\u5185\u58c1<\/strong>\u7684\u5f62\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9488\u5bf9\u652f\u67b6\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u96be\u70b9\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u6837\u54c1\u53ef\u80fd\u592a\u5927\u653e\u4e0d\u8fdb\u6837\u54c1\u4ed3\u3001\u8868\u9762\u51f9\u51f8\u4e0d\u5e73\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u5dee\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u96be\u4ee5\u7167\u5230\u5b54\u6d1e\u6df1\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

1. 样品尺寸：可能面临的挑战<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u652f\u67b6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u7a0b\u6216\u50ac\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5757\u4f53\uff0c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u5398\u7c73\u7ea7\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
  • \n裁剪规则：<\/strong> SEM样品仓的空间有限，需要将支架裁剪成合适的大小。注意：<\/strong> 裁剪时要小心，避免外力挤压导致孔结构坍塌或变形。
      \n
    • 如果是脆性支架<\/strong>（如陶瓷、烧结金属），建议用刀片轻划后掰断，尽量保持原始断面。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 如果是柔性支架<\/strong>（如水凝胶、高分子），建议用锋利的手术刀片快速切割，避免刀背挤压孔壁。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \n完整性记录：<\/strong> 裁剪前务必先拍一张数码照片，记录原始宏观形貌。因为SEM只能看到微观局部，宏观照片有助于构建整体印象。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
      2. 观察部位的选择：表面 vs. 内部<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

      \u652f\u67b6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u6027\uff08\u8868\u9762\u5e38\u6709\u4e00\u5c42\u81f4\u5bc6\u76ae\u5c42\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u5219\u591a\u5b54\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

        \n
      • \n表面形貌：<\/strong> 直接观察支架外表皮。这里通常有一层特殊结构（可能是致密的，也可能是多孔的）。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \n内部横截面\/纵截面：<\/strong> 为了评估支架内部的孔隙连通性<\/strong>和细胞\/组织长入潜力<\/strong>，必须观察内部。
          \n
        • \n方法：<\/strong> 将支架切开或掰开，观察新鲜的断面。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \n注意：<\/strong> 必须区分”表面”和”断面”，在记录图像时标注清楚。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
          3. 导电性处理：解决深孔荷电<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

          \u652f\u67b6\u51f9\u51f8\u4e0d\u5e73\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7ed9\u5bfc\u7535\u9540\u5c42\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6837\u54c1\u53f0\u4e0a\u968f\u4fbf\u7c98\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a2\u5165\u5b54\u6d1e\u6df1\u5904\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7535\u8377\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bfc\u51fa\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fe\u50cf\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u4eae\u533a\uff08\u8377\u7535\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u56fe\u50cf\u626d\u66f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

            \n
          • \n旋转溅射：<\/strong> 喷金\/喷铂时，务必使用带有旋转倾斜<\/strong>功能的溅射仪。让样品在镀膜过程中不断旋转和倾斜，确保电子束能打到孔洞深处（至少是孔壁能被镀上导电层）。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \n多点导通：<\/strong> 对于尺寸较大或结构复杂的支架，除了用导电胶粘贴底部外，可以考虑在支架的上部边缘贴一条细的导电胶连接到样品台（像”搭桥”一样），帮助顶部积累的电荷导走。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \n低真空模式：<\/strong> 如果电镜支持低真空，对于非导电支架（如高分子支架），低真空观察可以有效中和孔洞深处的电荷积累，效果往往比镀膜更好，而且不会因为镀层掩盖孔壁上的微结构。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
            4. 成像参数：追求”景深”与”透视”<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

            \u652f\u67b6\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5f53\uff0c\u62cd\u51fa\u6765\u4f1a\u50cf\u4e00\u5f20\u6241\u5e73\u7684”\u997c”\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

              \n
            • \n大工作距离：<\/strong> 这是拍好支架最关键的参数。建议将工作距离设置在10 mm以上<\/strong>。
                \n
              • \n原因：<\/strong> 工作距离越大，景深越大。这样从支架顶部到孔洞底部的结构都能在同一个焦平面附近保持清晰，避免出现”顶部清楚、底部模糊”的情况。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \n低加速电压：<\/strong> 建议使用低电压（1-5 kV）<\/strong>。
                  \n
                • \n原因：<\/strong> 低电压下电子束穿透能力弱，主要激发样品表层的二次电子，因此能更好地反映孔壁表面的精细结构，同时也能减轻绝缘样品的荷电效应。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \n探测器选择：<\/strong> 优先使用二次电子探测器<\/strong>，它能捕捉到最丰富的边缘效应和形貌衬度，把孔洞的立体感很好地呈现出来。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
                  5. 能谱分析：避开”阴影效应”<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                  \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u652f\u67b6\u7684\u5b54\u58c1\u8fdb\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • \n阴影效应：<\/strong> 在凹凸不平的孔洞内进行能谱面分布时，X射线探测器可能被凸起的孔壁遮挡，导致某些区域信号弱（形成元素分布的假阴影）。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \n建议：<\/strong> 进行能谱分析时，尽量选择平整的断面区域，或者孔洞开口较宽、无遮挡的部位。对于深孔内部的成分，定性结果可以参考，但定量结果需要谨慎对待。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
                    总结<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                    \u652f\u67b6\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e“\u65e2\u8981\u770b\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u5b54\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u770b\u6e05\u5fae\u89c2\u58c1”<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

                      \n
                    • \n拍摄技巧：<\/strong> 先用低倍率配合大景深<\/strong>展示整体的孔隙结构，再用高倍率配合低电压<\/strong>观察孔壁表面的微观形貌。<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \n制样核心：<\/strong> 切出平整断面<\/strong> + 旋转喷金<\/strong>确保深孔导电。<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      \u4f4e\u500d\u4e0b\u7eb5\u89c8\u652f\u67b6\u5b8f\u89c2\u9aa8\u67b6\uff0c\u9ad8\u500d\u4e0b\u7cbe\u6790\u8868\u9762\u7eb3\u7c73\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u4ece\u9519\u7efc\u5206\u5e03\u5230\u5fae\u5c0f\u9897\u7c92\uff0c\u4e00\u955c\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u5168\u666f\u5448\u73b0\u3002 Tips \u652f\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":252,"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71\/revisions\/252"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huolanlab.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}